When selecting the right grade of stainless steel for industrial, commercial, or household applications, the choice often comes down to 304 stainless steel and 420 stainless steel. Both are popular stainless steel grades with distinct properties and ideal use cases. But which one is better for your needs?
In this blog, we compare 304 and 420 stainless steel based on composition, strength, corrosion resistance, machinability, and common applications to help you make an informed decision. As a trusted stainless steel supplier in India, Ferrite Structural Steel is here to guide you with quality materials and insights.
304 vs 420 Stainless Steel: Which Is Better & Why?
Stainless steel is an iron-based alloy known for its corrosion resistance, strength, and durability. The differences between various stainless steel grades arise from their chemical composition and treatment.
Two common types are:
- 304 stainless steel: An austenitic stainless steel widely used in kitchen equipment, architecture, and industrial components.
- 420 stainless steel: A martensitic stainless steel known for its high hardness and wear resistance, often used in cutlery and surgical instruments.
1. Chemical Composition: 304 vs 420 Stainless Steel
| Property | 304 Stainless Steel | 420 Stainless Steel |
| Chromium | 18-20% | 12-14% |
| Nickel | 8-10.5% | ~0.5% (or none) |
| Carbon | ≤ 0.08% | 0.15 – 0.40% |
304 stainless steel has higher chromium and nickel content, which improves corrosion resistance. In contrast, 420 stainless steel has higher carbon content, which enhances hardness but reduces corrosion resistance.
2. Corrosion Resistance
304 stainless steel offers excellent corrosion resistance, even in harsh environments like coastal or chemical settings. Its high chromium and nickel content form a passive oxide layer that protects it from rusting. On the other hand, 420 stainless steel provides moderate corrosion resistance. It can resist moisture and mild acids but may corrode in saltwater or acidic environments. Therefore, 304 is better suited for wet and corrosive conditions.
Winner: 304 stainless steel for better corrosion resistance.
3. Hardness and Strength
Thanks to its higher carbon content, 420 stainless steel can be heat-treated to achieve Rockwell hardness levels of 50+ HRC, making it ideal for blades, knives, and cutting tools. It offers superior wear resistance and edge retention. In contrast, 304 stainless steel is not hardenable by heat treatment and is relatively softer, making it unsuitable for applications requiring high hardness.
Winner: 420 stainless steel for higher hardness and wear resistance.
4. Weldability and Formability
304 stainless steel has excellent weldability and formability, making it the go-to choice for fabrication, construction, and architectural uses. It can be bent, rolled, or welded without losing structural integrity. In contrast, 420 stainless steel is more brittle due to its high carbon content, which affects its weldability and limits its forming capabilities.
Winner: 304 stainless steel for ease of fabrication.
5. Cost Comparison
Generally, 420 stainless steel is more cost-effective due to its lower alloy content, especially nickel. If cost is a major factor and the application doesn’t demand high corrosion resistance, 420 can be a practical option. However, if longevity and corrosion resistance are critical, investing in 304 stainless steel can reduce long-term maintenance costs.
Winner: Depends on application. 420 is cheaper; 304 has better lifecycle value.
6. Common Applications
| Application Area | Preferred Grade |
| Kitchen utensils, sinks | 304 stainless steel |
| Cutlery, surgical blades | 420 stainless steel |
| Construction and architecture | 304 stainless steel |
| Industrial valves, gears | 420 stainless steel |
| Chemical containers | 304 stainless steel |
| Scissors, razor blades | 420 stainless steel |
As seen, 304 stainless steel is better for corrosion-resistant and general-purpose applications, while 420 stainless steel excels in hardness-specific uses.
7. Which Is Better Overall?
The answer depends on your needs:
Choose 304 stainless steel if you need excellent corrosion resistance. If your application involves welding or shaping. And if you need Aesthetics and hygiene (like in food processing) are important. Choose 420 stainless steel if you need high hardness and sharpness. If you’re making blades, tools, or precision parts. Or if the material won’t face highly corrosive environments. So, there’s no one-size-fits-all answer. Both stainless steel types serve different purposes.
Ferrite Structural Steel: Your Trusted Stainless Steel Supplier in India
When choosing between 304 and 420 stainless steel, quality sourcing matters as much as the material itself. That’s where Ferrite Structural Steel Pvt Ltd comes in.
As a leading stainless steel supplier in India, Ferrite Structural Steel offers:
- A wide range of stainless steel grades, including 304 and 420
- Competitive pricing and bulk availability
- Certified materials with mill test reports
- Timely delivery and expert consultation
Whether you’re a manufacturer, fabricator, or builder, we ensure you get the right stainless steel for your project. With years of industry experience and nationwide reach, Ferrite is your one-stop destination for premium stainless steel in India.
Final Thoughts
In summary, 304 stainless steel and 420 stainless steel serve unique roles in the world of metals. Your choice should align with the specific needs of your application — whether it’s corrosion resistance, strength, or machinability.
For top-grade stainless steel and expert guidance, trust Ferrite Structural Steel, the reliable stainless steel supplier in India. Reach out to our team today for product availability, custom requirements, or bulk inquiries.
